Staff

Head of the Department – academician of NAS RK Rakhimov Kairolla Dusembaevich

Doctors of medical Sciences, Professors:

Kairbekov Akyltay Kairbekovich

Kunanbay Kabden

PhD; associated Professor Ilyasova Bibigul Saparbekovna

Candidates of medical Sciences, associate professors:

Kalieva Mira Maratovna

Temirgalieva Elmira Maratovna

Assistants of the Department:

Erkinbekova Gulnara Bekbosynovna, Kiekova Bibigul Hamidullinovna, Abilmazhinova Aliya Amangeldiyevna, Rakhmanova Gulmira Maldybaevna, Syzdykova Zhanara Bulatovna, Niztaeva Elmira Nuriddinovna, Nazarbekova Dinara Junisbekovna.

The teaching staff of the Department has academic degrees, academic titles, qualification categories in clinical pharmacology, therapy, traditional therapy, neurology and Pediatrics.

Kairolla Dyusenbaevich Rakhimov – head of the Department, academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan , “Honored worker of Kazakhstan “, laureate of the State prize of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of science and technology, doctor of medical Sciences, Professor.

Education

In 1972 he graduated from AGMI

1972-1975. – surgeon of the Central city clinical hospital.

1975-1978. – graduate student of the Kazakh research Institute of Oncology and radiology of the Ministry of health of the Kazakh SSR.

1978-1991 – Junior, senior researcher of the laboratory of experimental therapy of tumors, head of the laboratory of preclinical pharmacology of the Kazakh research Institute of Oncology and radiology of the Ministry of health of the Kazakh SSR.

1991-1996 – senior lecturer, associate Professor, Professor of pharmacology Department of KazNMU. S. D. Asfendiyarova.

1993-2003 – First Chairman of the Pharmacological State Committee of the Ministry of health of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

From 1995 to the present President of the Association of pharmacologists and pharmacists of Kazakhstan.

2000-2013 – head of the Department of General and clinical pharmacology of the Kazakh-Russian medical University (organizer and its first head).

2004-2005 – Deputy General Director for science of RSE “NCEM, medical devices and medical equipment” of the Ministry of health of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

2007-2016 worked as a chief freelance pharmacologist of the Ministry of health of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

2005-2018 – head of the Department of clinical pharmacology, evaluation of health technology and evidence-based medicine KazMUCI (organizer and first head).

From 2019 to the present a member of the local ethics Committee (LEC) in KazNMU of S. D. Asfendiyarov.

Scientific work

D. Rakhimov investigated 166 new natural drugs and products of their modification, conducted a complex of pharmacological and clinical study of drugs, registered and implemented in practical health care more than 15 innovative, original domestic herbal medicines.

He is the head and consultant of eight doctoral, twenty-seven master’s theses, 7 PhD doctors, and the author of 1,060 scientific works, including 60 monographs, 67 methodological recommendations, 733 scientific articles and abstracts in international journals with impact factor, he received 131 copyright certificates and patents, as well as 27 rationalization proposals.

Hirschi Index based on Web of science and Scopus – 2.0. The number of citations for Web of science is 11. The number of citations for Scopus is 7. Google Sholar – 7.0. The number of citations on Google Sholar is 171.

Rewards

1981 – Diploma of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR.

1982 – awarded the Lenin Komsomol prize of Alma-Ata region.

1998 – «Excellent health worker of the Republic of Kazakhstan»,

2001 – Awarded the badge “For merits in the development of science of the Republic of Kazakhstan” by the Ministry of education and science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

2002 – Diploma of The Ministry of health of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2002 – “Honorary worker of education of the Republic of Kazakhstan” Ministry of education and science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

2004 and 2008 – honorary diploma of akimat of Almaty.

2005 – by the decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 3113 of 12.12.2005 he was awarded the medal “For valorous work” for the development and introduction of new original herbal medicines and their production.

2007 – by presidential decree No. 451 of 03.12.2007 the State prize of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of science and technology was awarded.

– Awarded the highest award “Altyn dariger” Association of doctors and pharmacists in Almaty.

2008 – order of Lomonosov for merits and great contribution to the development of domestic science and education. Resolution of the Presidium of the National Committee of the Russian Academy of Sciences dated 25.06.2008 No. 180

2008 – breastplate of MH RK “Densaulyk saktau isine koskan ulesi ushin” Order No. 116 of 03.03.2008

2011 – by the decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 118 dated 05.12.2011 the honorary title “Kazakstannyn Enbek sinirgen kairatkeri” was awarded.

2013 – “Honorary citizen of Bayanaul district” decision of XXV session of maslikhat of 13.12.2013

2015 – “Honorary Professor” of the South Kazakhstan state pharmaceutical Academy from 27.08.2015 (Protocol No. 1).

2017 – “Honorary citizen of Pavlodar region” No. 68 dated 22.11.2017.

2017 – elected academician of the National Academy of Sciences. Certificate No. 108 dated 01.06.2017.

2019 – certificate and the highest category (third time) in the specialty “Clinical pharmacology”.

2019 – certificate of “Introduction to Good Clinical Practice GCP”.

Kairbekov Akyltay Kairbekovich – doctor of medical Sciences, Professor

In 1973 he graduated from the medical faculty of Almaty State medical Institute.

In 1979 he graduated from the clinical residency at the Department of hospital therapy of Almaty State medical Institute, specialty “therapy”.

1973-1974 – head of infectious diseases Department of Balyksha district hospital of Guryev region.

1974-1975. – chief physician of the temporary epidemically hospital of Balykshy district hospital Guryev region.

1979-1989g. – Junior researcher in the Department of epidemiology and prevention of hypertension KazNII cardiology.

In 1989 he defended his thesis on the topic: «the Prevalence of hypertension in connection with the ethnic characteristics of the rural population of Kazakhstan»

In 1998 he defended his doctoral thesis on the topic: “Prevention of cardiovascular and some chronic noncommunicable diseases and its effectiveness among the rural population exposed to agrochemical factors.”

In 2001, by The decision of the Presidium of the HAC, he was awarded the academic title of Professor in the specialty “Medicine”.

1999-2002 member of the Academic Council for the defense of doctoral dissertations in cardiology at the KazRI of cardiology,

2003 – member of the attestation Commission of the HAC.

Since 2003 he worked as a Professor, then from 2013 to 2017. head of the Department of clinical pharmacology and pharmacotherapy.

Scientific work

He has 125 published works in the international, Union and Republican press, including 6 monographs, 10 methodical recommendations in international scientific and practical conferences.

Head of 4 candidates of medical Sciences. He is a member of the Presidium of cardiologists of Kazakhstan.

Rewards:

1998 – diploma of the Ministry of health of Kazakhstan.

1998 – honorary diploma of the Institute of cardiology.

2014 – diploma of MES RK ” For the successes achieved on the way of spiritual and social development of independent Kazakhstan and contribution to the development of education “.

In 2014 and in 2017, the badge of the Voronezh state medical Academy.N. N. Burdenko for productive international cooperation.

2015 – letter of thanks of the Council of young scientists of KazNMU.D. S. Asfendiyarova for active participation in the Fair of student scientific circles.

2017 – breastplate of the Ministry of health of Kazakhstan “For services to health”

2018  – the title of « Altyn dariger»

– the badge “Altyn Zhurek” KazRIC and IM

Kunanbai Kabden – doctor of medical Sciences, Professor

In 1969 he graduated from the State Medical Institute of Ulaanbaatar with a degree in “Medical care”.

1970-1976 – training in the specialty “Veterinary Medicine” in the Agricultural Institute of Ulaanbaatar correspondence Department.

In 1986 he graduated from the medical faculty of the State University of Belgrade with a degree in clinical pharmacology under the industrial development program of the world Health Organization (WHO) of the United Nations Organization (UN) in Belgrade , Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

During his professional development, he completed a master’s degree at the above-mentioned University. In the direction of the University of Belgrade and the industrial development program of the world Health Organization (WHO) of the United Nations organization (UN), he passed training in Lhasa (Tibet) in the center of Lama and received the degree of “Lharamba”.

From 1988 to 1990 he was trained on topical issues of traditional medicine in Hoh Khot of the people’s Republic of China (Inner Mongolia) at the University of Traditional Medicine in Tibetan-Chinese medicine.

On December 25, 1989 he received the academic title of doctor of Traditional medicine on the topic “Methodological and theoretical issues of Tibetan traditional medicine” in the specialty 03.01.31.01, according to the decision of the DDS he received the academic title of Professor in the specialty 03.01.31.01 (Belgrade, Yugoslavia).

In 1991 he defended his doctoral dissertation on “Production of alphaprotein and its application in the diagnosis of malignant tumors».

In 1992 he moved to Kazakhstan, Professor of the Department of traditional medicine of Almaty state Institute of advanced training of doctors.

Since 1992, Professor of the Department of internal diseases at the medical faculty of the International Kazakh-Turkish University. K. A. Yassaui, Turkestan.

From 2010 to the present time he is a Professor of the Department of clinical pharmacology of JSC “Kazakh national University” Almaty.

Scientific activity

He has 260 scientific works, including 8 monographs, 6 patents at the international level, also the standard of Oriental Medicine, 16 standard programs, about 60 methodological developments, 32 textbooks and manuals about traditional medicine.

Rewards

– Merits in scientific and practical work and in training of scientific and pedagogical personnel of Professor Kunanbay Kabden is noted in the National encyclopedia of Kazakhstan in the VIII volume (386 p.)

– 2018. – the title of “Altyn Dariger»

– 2018g. – breastplate “Gold medal KazNMU” from 15.06.2018 g.

Ilyasova Bibigul Saparbekovna

Total work experience: 26, research and teaching experience -23 years

Academic degree: Candidate of medical Sciences (2006)

Academic title: Associate Professor (2012)

In 1992, she graduated from Semipalatinsk State medical Institute, Semipalatinsk, majoring in “Medical care”.

In 1992-1994 she studied at the Almaty State medical Institute, Almaty Clinical residency in the specialty «Сlinical allergology and immunology».

1994-2000 – Assistant of the Department of infectious diseases with the course of immunology and allergology of KAZNMU named after S. Asfendiyarov, Almaty.

June 2000-may 2006 – Researcher at the laboratory of immunology and the Kazakh Academy of nutrition and Chief physician of “Center of immunology and allergology” LLP in Almaty.

June 2006-January 2008 – Senior researcher of the Department of Clinical immunology and allergology in the Research Institute of cardiology and internal diseases, Almaty.

January 2008-April 2012 – Leading researcher in the Department of Endocrinology, gastroenterology and Hematology.

January 2008-April 2012 – Head of the Science management Department of the Research Institute of cardiology and internal diseases, Almaty.

May 2012-June 2013 – Chief scientific officer of the Department of Hepatology and hepatologist of the Department of transplantation and cell therapy of the National scientific Medical center, Astana.

June 2013-2016 – Professor of the Department of clinical pharmacology of the Kazakh Medical University of continuing education and hepatologist in GKP on PHV City clinical hospital No. 7, Almaty.

Since February 2016 – chief researcher, hepatologist-gastroenterologist of the Department of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery and liver transplantation, National research center of surgery named after A. N. Syzganov.

In 2016-2017 – Scientific secretary of the National Scientific center of surgery named after A. N. Syzganov.

Since February 2016 – Professor of the Department of clinical pharmacology of the Kazakh National Medical University.

Trainings:

“Immunosupression therapy after Liver transplantation in adults and children” training course, 3 months, 2017, Scientific Center of Liver, New Delhi, India

“Clinical “Hepatitis C and Liver transplantation” Training course, November 2016, Nannover Medical School, department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Germany

Training of Diagnostic of Autoimmune Diseases of Liver July 2014, Medipan, Berlin

Immunology with course of Hepatology” NHO Nagasaki Medical Center 3 month 2008

Specializations on «Clinical Immunology and Allergology»: in “Medical Academy of  post graduate education”  Sank-Petersburg – 3 mounth

Publications over the past 5 years (articles, monographs, guidelines): 21 articles, 4 articles in peer-reviewed journals Scopus, 4 guidelines.

Membership in scientific communities: member of the Asia-Pacific Association for the study of the liver (APASL), member of the European Association for the study of the liver (EASL)

Languages: English – fluent, German – with a dictionary.

Kalieva Mira Maratovna – candidate of medical Sciences, associate Professor

Education

In 1990 she graduated from the pediatric faculty of Almaty State medical Institute .

In 1990, she completed a clinical internship at the children’s clinical base No. 1 in Almaty and until 1993 worked as a children’s district doctor at the children’s polyclinic No. 16.

1993-1998 – assistant of the Department of clinical pharmacology of KazNMU.

In 2003 she successfully defended her PhD thesis on cipher 14.00.25-pharmacology, clinical pharmacology.  October 24, 2003 awarded the degree-candidate of medical Sciences.

In 2015, she completed her master’s degree in psychology at the St. Petersburg Humanitarian University of trade unions.

From February 2006 to the present time she works as an associate Professor at the Department of clinical pharmacology, a doctor-clinical pharmacologist.

Scientific activity

Has 30 articles, 2 educational and methodical recommendations for students. One article in the International Journal Safetyin Medicine 27(2015) 595-596 DOI 10. 3233JRS150705 IOS Press Evidence-based medicine Training Kazakhstan experience.

Co-author of 100 clinical protocols of the Ministry of health of Kazakhstan on adult and pediatric surgery, pediatric and adult Hematology, neurology, occupational diseases. On the basis of JSC”National scientific center of surgery ” named after Syzganov was accredited for clinical trials of MP and medical devices.

Has a GSP certificate of good clinical practice.

She is the moderator of the 4th phase of clinical trial of the drug “Rubufin”.

Participated in the training on “Implementation of clinical protocols in the educational process and in practical health care of Kazakhstan” in Almaty, Almaty region, Taraz, Shymkent.

She is a consultant of a doctoral candidate for a PhD degree on the topic “Personalized approach to rational pharmacotherapy of gastric ulcer taking into account genotyping”.

She was trained at the seminar “Innovative technologies in medical education”, passed the training of teachers in Almaty state Institute of advanced training of doctors on the cycle “Current issues of clinical pharmacology of rational pharmacotherapy” (156 hours).

Rewards:

– 2017-honorary diploma of the Minister of Health

– 2018-honorary diploma of the Minister of Education and science.

Temirgalieva Elmira Maratovna – candidate of medical Sciences, associate Professor.

Education:

In 1990 she graduated from the Almaty State medical Institute of S. D. Asfendiyarov with a degree in “Pediatrics”.

1999-2000 – Internship in the specialty “Family doctor”.

defended her thesis, received the degree of candidate of medical Sciences cipher 14.00.25-pharmacology, clinical pharmacology (Aktobe).

2007-associate Professor of medicine (HAC).

She has extensive experience in the Kazakh Medical University at the Department of General and clinical pharmacology, ranging from senior laboratory assistant (2000) to head of the Department (2013) Also was the head of the Department of clinical pharmacology, evaluation of health technologies and evidence-based medicine in KazMUNO (2017.)

From September 2018 to the present – associate Professor of clinical pharmacology of JSC “NMU”.

Scientific activity

Author of more than 80 scientific works in publications, the list of which is approved by KNASON MES RK, methodical recommendations (manuals) more than 25, monographs-4 (in the state language-2.

Actively participates in international scientific and practical conferences.

Rewards

“Golden sign of RK” (Association of doctors and pharmacists of RK)

Diploma of the Ministry of education and science of the Republic of Kazakhstan

“Excellent worker of RK health protection” (Ministry of health of RK )

Breast order “Altyn dariger” the Best health workers of the Republic of Kazakhstan ,

Scientists of RK “Golden Fund of RK” International Kazakh creative Association “Beibitshilik Alemi (World of Peace) Order” AVE VITAE (national Association of doctors of RK).

Assistants:

Erkinbekova Gulnara Bekbosynova – assistant, head teacher of educational process

In 1996 she graduated from the medical faculty of AGMI.

1996-1998 – clinical resident of the Department of clinical pharmacology of AGMI.

1998-2001 – post-graduate student of the Department of clinical pharmacology of AGMI.

Since 2002 – assistant of the Department of internal diseases No. 2, in 2003 transferred to the Department of clinical pharmacology, worked until 2010.

2010-2017  head of the educational Department, Department of planning and organization of the educational process, Deputy head of the Department of continuous professional development of KazMUNO (previously-AGIUV).

From September 2017 to the present – assistant of the Department of clinical pharmacology of KazNMU.S. D. Asfendiyarova.

Scientific activity:

participation in conferences, scientific publications

She has more than 30 publications, including foreign ones, teaching AIDS-3.

Rewards

Certificates of honor and letters of thanks AGIUV

2013 – jubilee medal of the 50th anniversary of AGIUV.

2014 – diploma of the Ministry of health of Kazakhstan.

– Medal “Medicina salasinin uzdigi”.

2018 – jubilee medal of the 35th anniversary and a letter of thanks of the SCB No. 1.

2019 – breastplate «Silver medal of KazNMU»

Kiekova Bibigul Hamidullinovna – assistant

Kiekova Bibigul Hamidullinovna graduated from pediatric faculty in AGMI in 1988 on specialty “Pediatrics”.

After graduation, she was sent to work as a pediatrician in the district hospital of WKR, in Janybek district. From 1988 to 1990 she served as chief physician of the rural district hospital and pediatrician. In 1990-92, she served as Deputy..chapters’.doctor for childhood in the hospital. In 1992-95 she studied in clinical residency at the Department of children’s diseases No. 1.

And after the end of residency from 1995-2002 she worked at the Department of children’s diseases No. 3 of the AGMI of Almaty as an assistant.

Since 2003 and now works at the Department of clinical pharmacology of exercise therapy and physical therapy. She is a pediatric neurologist. Total work experience is 31 years. Medical experience is 31 years. Experience in the specialty 15 years. Teaching experience-24 years. In the process of work at the Department she mastered pedagogical work on children’s diseases and clinical pharmacology, conducts practical classes for students of the 5th, 6th courses of medical, pediatric, dental faculties in Russian and Kazakh languages at a high level, according to modern requirements. The pedagogical load is carried out according to the plan. Competently translates lectures, guidelines and instructions for students of the Kazakh Department. During the reporting period, she compiled 68 methodological complexes for teachers and students of medical and pediatric faculties of the 5th and 6th courses and completely translated them into the Kazakh language. She made 170 test control questions and 80 situational problems in Russian and completely translated them into Kazakh.

During her work she has 18 scientific articles and 20 implementations in the practice of health care. In work uses modern scientific literature, monographs.

During the reporting period she took advanced training courses:

1.Discipline: “Clinical pharmacology” (Actual problems of pharmacology, rational pharmacotherapy in pediatric practice)

2.On discipline “Neuropathology” (Balalar neuropathologiyasynyn ozekti maseleleri) 2008, 2013, 2018.

3.On discipline: “Assistant” (April-2011 KAZNMU)

Scientific direction “Clinical and pharmacological correction of treatment of CNS disease in children»

Clinical work was performed on the basis of the children’s railway hospital until September 2006 in the neurological Department. And from October 2006 to December 2009 on the basis of GKKP GP No. 16. Since 2010 and to this day on the basis of GKKP GP No. 4. Annually holds scientific and practical conferences, according to the plan of the Department on the clinical basis. She is the curator of the 6th year students of the 3,4 (018) group of the medical faculty, conducts educational (Patriotic, legal, labor education) and cultural work with students, according to the plan of the Department. And also engaged in charity work and oversees the Orphanage number 1.

Rewards:

1.Gratitude from the regional and city children’s home No. 1

2.”Letter of thanks” from the mayor of Almaty to the day of medical worker’s.

At the Department she is responsible for the methodical work of the pediatric faculty, as well as responsible for the clinical and economic work of the Department. During the work assistant Kiekova B. H. established herself as bona fide executive, responsible employee. Enjoys authority and respect among employees.

Constantly working to improve her professional knowledge.

Abilmazhinova Aliya Amangeldinovna. – assistant

She is a graduate of the international presidential program “Bolashak”.

In 2014 she graduated from the First Moscow state medical University named after I. M. Sechenov with honors (Moscow, Russia).

From 2014-2015 – internship in the specialty “Therapy” at the Department of faculty therapy of Sechenov state medical university.

From 2015 -2016-worked as a physician in Astana.

From 2016-2018 she completed her residency in the specialty “Clinical pharmacology” at the Department of clinical pharmacology and therapy of RMANPO (Moscow, Russia).

From 2018 to the present-assistant of the Department of clinical pharmacology. Conducts pedagogical and educational work at the Department, as well as clinical work on the basis of the University clinic No. 2.

Scientific activity: Participated in scientific conferences “Human and Medicine” Moscow 2017 with a report on “The Use of anticoagulants in the hospital.” She is a co-author of the scientific article “Causes of hemorrhagic complications in hospital patients receiving therapeutic doses of anticoagulants”.

Nazarbekova Dinara Janibekova – assistant

In 2014 she graduated from the faculty of General medicine of KazNMU named after S. D. Asfendiyarov. 2014-2016-internship in Pediatrics.

2016-2018-residency in pediatric neurology at the Department of neurology, psychiatry and psychology of the UCGFA.

From August 23, 2018 to December 20, 2018 she was retrained in the specialty “Clinical pharmacology” in the amount of 864 hours in the fialial LLP “Republican center of professional development “Sanat””.

Since November 2018 senior laboratory assistant, since January 2019 assistant of the Department of clinical pharmacology of JSC NMU.

Scientific activity:

She participated in conferences, competitions of Republican and international importance and won prizes:

– XI all-Russian Burdenkov student scientific conference dedicated to the 70th anniversary of victory in the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945gg., Diploma of II degree.

– II international competition of student scientific works in the field of marketing and sociological research” Zhas Zerde ” Diploma I place Foundation of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan-the Leader of the nation, South Kazakhstan state pharmaceutical Academy.

– IV international scientific conference of young scientists and students “Prospects of development of biology, medicine and pharmacy”, dedicated to the 25th anniversary of Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 2016 Shymkent, diploma “For the Best report”.

She is a co-author of about 10 scientific and practical articles in various journals.

Rakhmanova Gulmira Maldybaevna – assistant

Born 16.12.1963 in the Semipalatinsk region.  In 1987 she graduated from the Semipalatinsk state medical Institute, majoring in “Medicine”. In 1987-1988 she passed an internship in the direction of “Therapy”. Since 1988 she worked as a therapist, has the highest category. In 2012 she was awarded the badge “Densaulyk saktau isinin uzdigi”. Since 2006 she worked as a part-time assistant of the Department of General medical practice No. 2 in KazNMU.  In 2017, she underwent primary retraining in the specialty “Clinical pharmacology”. Later she was accepted as an assistant of the Department of clinical pharmacology in JSC “NMU”.

Syzdykova Zhanar Bolatovna – assistant

Born in 07.12.1973 in Turkestan.  In 1998 she graduated from the Kazakh state medical University, majoring in Pediatrics.  In 1998-1999 passed an internship in the direction of “Pediatrics”. From 1999 to 2002 she worked as a pediatrician in the clinic.  Since 2002 worked as a doctor transfusiologist at NCPeDH.  In 2016, she underwent primary retraining in the specialty “Clinical pharmacology”, later transferred to clinical pharmacologist in NCPeDH. In 2019, she was accepted as an assistant of the Department of clinical pharmacology in JSC “NMU”.

Niztayeva Elmira – assistant.

Education

In 1996 she graduated from the medical faculty of AGMI.

1997-1999- clinical resident of the Department of clinical pharmacology of AGMI.

2000-2002 – post-graduate student of the Department of therapy  of AGIUV.

2002-2010 – assistant of the  Department of clinical pharmacology.

2010-2013  head of the Center practical skills of AGIUV.

2013-2015 гг.- head of the Republican Center for Assessment of Knowledge and Skills at the Republican Health Center  Almaty.

2016-2019гг.- Head of the Training Center at the Higher Medical College.

From September 2019 to the present – assistant of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology, KazNMUFrom September 2017 to the present – assistant of the Department of clinical pharmacology of KazNMU.S. D. Asfendiyarova.

Scientific activity:

participation in conferences, scientific publications

Rewards

Certificates of honor and letters of thanks AGIUV, Republican Center for Assessment of Knowledge and Skills at the Republican Health Center,НMC.

Сообщение Staff появились сначала на Faculty of Postgraduate Education.